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Microbial contamination of fruit teas
Kuřáková, Hana ; Popelářová, Eva (advisor) ; Killer, Jiří (referee)
Teas are consumed daily by millions of people on the World, therefor it is important to care for their microbial harmlessness.
The aim of this work was to conduct a reaserch in regards to general information about fruit teas, their manufacturing and possibilities of contamination by undesirable microorganisms. In this research were also described important bacteria and fungii and we focused on mycotoxins and the elimination of microorganisms from a food.
Representation of microorganisms in teabags was evaluated in practical part of this research. We focused on total quantity of microorganisms, coliform bacteria, that can be pathogenic in higher representation and micromycetes. Genus structure of micromycetes was important in particular, because they can produce metabolites, mycotoxins, that can be a cause for many diseases.
Analyses were conducted by two methods. Variant classified as A was consisting of transformation of the teabag contents into the physiological solution. Variant classified as B was consisting of watering of the teabag contents. During evaluation, both of these variants were compared.
From the results of this work it was found out, that quantities of microorganisms were relativem small. It was discovered, that during the sample preparation by watering the sample with boiling water (variant B) the quantity of microorganisms will lower, in some cases they were not present at all. The presence of wider genera of micromycetes was also discovered. Three genera were dominant Aspergillus, Penicillum and Cladosporium. These free found of genera can be dangerous, because of mycotoxins, however micromytes in variant B were only represented by genera Cladosporium and Penicillum and in small measure.
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Antioxidative substances in selected fruit and herbal teas
Tomková, Martina ; Buňková, Radka (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
This diploma project deals with antioxidant and antimutagenic properties of selected herbal and fruit teas commonly used in Czech population. Influence of different tea packaging (bag teas and loose leaf teas) on bioactive compound content was compared. Further, effect of long-term storage in common household conditions was studied. Antioxidant properties of teas were characterized using some group parameters - total antioxidant activity ("Randox Total Antioxidant Status Kit"), total phenolics and total flavonoids - as well as some individual representatives of low molecular weight antioxidants. Higher antixidant content was found in herbal teas than in fruit teas. Comparing bag teas with loose leaf teas higher antioxidant activity was shown in loose leaf teas. Individual antioxidants were analyzed using HPLC method with spectrophotometric detection and verified by on-line LC/MS. IN all tea samples catechins - catechin, epicatechin, epicatechin gallate and other flavonoids - rutin, morin, quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin and luteolin were determined. In most of teas high level of catechin and rutin was detected. The highest level of flavonoids was determined in herbal poured teas. Ascorbic acid content was also determined by HPLC method. Higher vitamine C level was found in most of fruit teas and in rose hip tea. Antimutagenicity of tea extracts was tested by in vitro test using Saccharomyces cerevisiae D7 yeast. High antimutagenic activity showed mainly nettle tea, tutsan tea and most of fruit teas. During long-term storage (1 year, 20°C, darkness) a significant decrease of all analyzed antioxidant parameters was followed. Higher lost of antioxidants was found in fruit teas when compared with the herbal ones.
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